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This is the first part in a series of four chapters where we will be delving into some of the physics of UAPs, from a theoretical but also practical standpoint.
First, we could pose the question, “What is a solid object and where is the spatial boundary of a solid object?”
Classical physics assumes that boundary to be at its surface but quantum field theory, quantum cosmology, and topology prove that:
1. The surface of material objects, meant as a smooth continual Riemannian manifold, does not exist.
2. The boundary of a material object is related to the cosmologic model of choice.
3. The reasoning for the choice distinguishes a set of boundaries where the values of the function are allowed abrupt changes, and across which the adjacent regions cannot be connected. The common models of time and space are based on segmenting the set of real-valued numbers R^n. They do not allow these possibilities because their boundaries’ topological structure is wrong (Alfano, 2019).
This would suggest that, at the very least, our definition of a solid object is quite relative and that solid objects might not be so solid after all, in certain circumstances at least. But how can Nature provide energy instantaneously? Multiple theories outline the way energy could propagate instantaneously, tunnelling without breaking causality, including the zero point-field and Nikola Tesla’s longitudinal magneto-dielectric “scalar” waves or radiant energy.
Insofar as nonlocality and the dual wave-particle nature of light and ultimately of matter, we know from metaphysics that all points in space-time are connected, a fact which seems to be increasingly supported by quantum field theory as well as remote viewing. Dr. Hermann Oberth theorized that NHI UAP utilize time/dimensional travel ships that don’t traverse large distances in space, but rather ‘jump’ from one time/space to another, or from one dimension to another and instantly back to their point of origin (Corso, 1999).
As a side note, today we live immersed in a multitude of nonlocal engineering applications, aspects much more conventional than experimental physics or UFOs. Every time we use our credit cards in an ATM or for wireless payments in a POS, quantum electrodynamics assumes that the exchange of information between the card and the wireless system adopts nearly exclusively nonlocal space-like intermediate bosons. For over two centuries now, the same has also been true for all induction electric motors, for example (Alfano, 2019).
Non-local phenomena of macroscopic scale have also been observed and documented in various parapsychology experiments, such as for example breaking through spatial barriers (Song, 1983) and psychokinesis (Gimeno, 2017).
The question of whether the speed of light is absolute has been a recurring theme for as long as it has been discovered. In classical physics, light is described as a type of electromagnetic wave. The classical behaviour of the electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell’s equations, which predict that the speed c with which electromagnetic waves (such as light) propagate in vacuum is related to the distributed capacitance and inductance of vacuum, otherwise known as the electric constant ε0 and the magnetic constant μ0.
In modern quantum mechanics, the electromagnetic field is described by the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED). In this theory, light is described by the fundamental excitations (or quanta) of the electromagnetic field, called photons. In QED, photons are massless particles and thus, according to special relativity, they travel at the speed of light in vacuum.
We know from standard optical physics and quantum electrodynamics that the optical phase and group velocities can exceed c under certain physical conditions, but dispersion always ensures that the signal velocity is ≤ c. But recent QED calculations (Scharnhorst, 1990; Latorre et al., 1995) have proved that in the Casimir Effect system, the dispersive effects are ~much weaker~ still than those associated with the increase in c so that the phase, group and signal velocities will therefore ~all increase~ by the same amount. Note that, in general, no dispersion shows up in all of the modified vacuum effects examined by investigators (Davis, 2004).
Vacuum quantum interactions with light lead to an effect on the speed of light that is due to the absorption of photons (by the vacuum) to form virtual electron-positron pairs followed by the quick re-emission (from the vacuum) of the photon. The virtual particle pairs are very short lived because of the large mismatch between the energy of a photon and the rest mass-energy of the particle pair. A key point is that this process makes a contribution to the observed vacuum permittivity ε0 (and permeability µ0) constant and, therefore, to the speed of light c .In modern quantum mechanics, the electromagnetic field is described by the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED). In this theory, light is described by the fundamental excitations (or quanta) of the electromagnetic field, called photons. In QED, photons are massless particles and thus, according to special relativity, they travel at the speed of light in vacuum.
Scharnhorst (1990) and Latorre et al. (1995) have since proved that the suppression of light scattering by virtual particle pairs (a.k.a. coherent light-by-light scattering) in the vacuum causes an increase in the speed of light accompanied by a decrease in the vacuum refraction index. This very unique effect is accomplished in a Casimir Effect capacitor cavity (or waveguide) whereby the vacuum quantum field fluctuations (a.k.a. zero-point fluctuations or ZPF) inside have been modified (becoming anisotropic and non-translational invariant) to satisfy the electromagnetic boundary conditions imposed by the presence of the capacitor plates (or waveguide walls)
This modification of free space vacuum ZPE modes suppresses the scattering of light by virtual particle pairs, thus producing the speed of light increase (and corresponding decrease in the vacuum refraction index).
Davis (2004) also reports that a small number of K < 1 solutions were developed that describe FTL motion (i.e., c is increased, or the vacuum refraction index < 1, when the modified vacuum has a lower energy density) which is generated by some distributed negative energy density such that the total energy density of the system as seen by remote observes is approximately zero. These solutions are similar in function to that of a traversable wormhole or warp drive effect (Alcubierre, 1994), which both arose from Einstein’s General Relativity Theory and are both generated by distributed negative energy density in spacetime.
Tesla (1905) has also experimentally proven that longitudinal magneto-dielectric scalar waves, or radiant energy, can propagate at speeds exceeding c. Transmitter/receiver experiments with Faraday cages have shown that this effect can be verified by the fact that an electric and not a magnetic coupling is present, although the Faraday cage should shield electric fields. The scalar wave consequently overcomes the cage with a speed faster than light, by quantum tunnelling (Meyl, 2002).
In an endeavor to experimentally replicate Tesla’s findings, Meyl (2001) has proven the following: the wireless transmission of electrical energy with an over-unity-effect of about 10, the reaction of the receiver to the transmitter, the transmission of scalar waves with 1.5 times the speed of light, and the inefficiency of Faraday cages in shielding from scalar waves. He goes on to note that Tesla’s radiant energy is generally difficult to replicate due to fact that building a magnifying transmitter such as Tesla had is very expensive and that there is generally an absence of a suitable field description for scalar waves. Maxwell’s equations only describe transverse waves, for which the field pointers oscillate perpendicular to the direction of propagation. He solved the former through the use of modern electronics, by replacing the spark gap generator with a function generator and the high tension operation with 2 – 4 Volts low tension; and the former by developing a mathematical model to match it, noting that the scalar wave part of equation is actually the near-field effect of the antenna/transmitter (Meyl, 2001)
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